Public and Gross Federal Debt: 1940-2023
         FEDERAL DEBT AT THE END OF FISCAL YEAR: 1940-2023 
                       (billions of dollars) 

                 Public           Federal   Social                   
         Gross     Debt   Public    Gov't Security Medicare       GDP
Year      Debt  + OASDI     Debt Accounts     Debt     Debt    ($bil)
----  -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ---------
1940      50.7     44.5     42.8      7.9      1.7      0.0      98.2
1941      57.5     50.6     48.2      9.3      2.4      0.0     116.2
1942      79.2     71.0     67.8     11.4      3.2      0.0     147.7
1943     142.6    132.0    127.8     14.9      4.3      0.0     184.6
1944     204.1    190.2    184.8     19.3      5.4      0.0     213.8
1945     260.1    241.8    235.2     24.9      6.6      0.0     226.4
1946     271.0    249.5    241.9     29.1      7.6      0.0     228.0
1947     257.1    233.1    224.3     32.8      8.8      0.0     238.9
1948     252.0    226.3    216.3     35.8     10.0      0.0     262.4
1949     252.6    225.6    214.3     38.3     11.3      0.0     276.8
1950     256.9    231.9    219.0     37.8     12.9      0.0     279.0
1951     255.3    229.1    214.3     41.0     14.7      0.0     327.4
1952     259.1    231.4    214.8     44.3     16.6      0.0     357.5
1953     266.0    236.7    218.4     47.6     18.4      0.0     382.5
1954     270.8    244.5    224.5     46.3     20.0      0.0     387.7
1955     274.4    247.8    226.6     47.8     21.1      0.0     407.0
1956     272.7    244.7    222.2     50.5     22.6      0.0     439.0
1957     272.3    242.7    219.3     52.9     23.4      0.0     464.2
1958     279.7    250.2    226.3     53.3     23.9      0.0     474.3
1959     287.5    257.9    234.7     52.8     23.2      0.0     505.6
1960     290.5    259.8    236.8     53.7     23.0      0.0     535.1
1961     292.6    261.8    238.4     54.3     23.4      0.0     547.6
1962     302.9    270.2    248.0     54.9     22.2      0.0     586.9
1963     310.3    275.4    254.0     56.3     21.4      0.0     619.3
1964     316.1    278.9    256.8     59.2     22.0      0.0     662.9
1965     322.3    283.0    260.8     61.5     22.2      0.0     710.7
1966     328.5    285.3    263.7     64.8     21.6      0.8     781.9
1967     340.4    292.2    266.6     73.8     25.6      1.8     838.2
1968     368.7    317.7    289.5     79.1     28.1      1.7     899.3
1969     365.8    310.0    278.1     87.7     31.9      2.4     982.3
1970     380.9    320.9    283.2     97.7     37.7      2.7   1,049.1
1971     408.2    343.8    303.0    105.1     40.8      3.3   1,119.3
1972     435.9    366.2    322.4    113.6     43.8      3.4   1,219.5
1973     466.3    385.2    340.9    125.4     44.3      4.9   1,356.0
1974     483.9    389.8    343.7    140.2     46.1      9.1   1,486.2
1975     541.9    442.9    394.7    147.2     48.2     11.1   1,610.6
1976     629.0    522.3    477.4    151.6     44.9     12.2   1,790.3
1977     706.4    588.7    549.1    157.3     39.6     13.2   2,028.4
1978     776.6    642.5    607.1    169.5     35.4     15.8   2,278.2
1979     829.5    673.7    640.3    189.2     33.4     18.1   2,570.0
1980     909.0    744.2    711.9    197.1     32.3     19.2   2,796.8
1981     994.8    816.6    789.4    205.4     27.2     22.0   3,138.4
1982   1,137.3    943.9    924.6    212.7     19.3     26.7   3,313.9
1983   1,371.7  1,169.2  1,137.3    234.4     32.0     20.5   3,541.1
1984   1,564.6  1,339.2  1,307.0    257.6     32.2     26.1   3,952.8
1985   1,817.4  1,547.0  1,507.3    310.2     39.8     31.9   4,270.4
1986   2,120.5  1,786.5  1,740.6    379.9     45.9     47.8   4,536.1
1987   2,346.0  1,955.2  1,889.8    456.2     65.4     56.9   4,781.9
1988   2,601.1  2,155.9  2,051.6    549.5    104.2     72.4   5,155.1
1989   2,867.8  2,347.4  2,190.7    677.1    156.7     94.6   5,570.0
1990   3,206.3  2,626.5  2,411.6    794.7    214.9    110.5   5,914.6
1991   3,598.2  2,957.4  2,689.0    909.2    268.4    125.6   6,110.1
1992   4,001.8  3,318.9  2,999.7  1,002.0    319.2    139.2   6,434.7
1993   4,351.0  3,614.3  3,248.4  1,102.6    365.9    149.3   6,794.9
1994   4,643.3  3,855.8  3,433.1  1,210.2    422.7    150.2   7,197.8
1995   4,920.6  4,087.5  3,604.4  1,316.2    483.2    143.4   7,583.4
1996   5,181.5  4,283.6  3,734.1  1,447.4    549.6    153.0   7,978.3
1997   5,369.2  4,403.2  3,772.3  1,596.9    630.9    151.1   8,483.2
1998   5,478.2  4,451.4  3,721.1  1,757.1    730.3    157.7   8,954.8
1999   5,605.5  4,487.4  3,632.4  1,973.2    855.0    180.3   9,510.5
2000   5,628.7  4,416.7  3,409.8  2,218.9  1,006.9    213.9  10,148.2
2001   5,769.9  4,489.4  3,319.6  2,450.3  1,169.8    239.1  10,564.6
2002   6,198.4  4,869.3  3,540.4  2,658.0  1,328.9    267.7  10,876.9
2003   6,760.0  5,398.0  3,913.4  2,846.6  1,484.5    276.1  11,332.4
2004   7,354.7  5,931.0  4,295.5  3,059.1  1,635.4    282.0  12,088.6
2005   7,905.3  6,401.2  4,592.2  3,313.1  1,809.0    294.5  12,888.9
2006   8,451.4  6,823.1  4,829.0  3,622.4  1,994.2    335.3  13,684.7
2007   8,950.7  7,215.9  5,035.1  3,915.6  2,180.8    358.6  14,322.9
2008   9,986.1  8,169.5  5,803.1  4,183.0  2,366.4    377.8  14,752.4
2009  11,875.9 10,048.5  7,544.7  4,331.1  2,503.8    371.5  14,414.6
2010  13,528.8 11,604.4  9,018.9  4,509.9  2,585.5    349.2  14,798.5
2011  14,764.2 12,781.7 10,128.2  4,636.0  2,653.5    316.5  15,379.2
2012  16,050.9 13,999.2 11,281.1  4,769.8  2,718.1    297.6  16,027.2
2013  16,719.4 14,738.4 11,982.7  4,736.7  2,755.7    273.4  16,515.9
2014  17,794.5 15,562.5 12,779.9  5,014.6  2,782.6    270.6  17,243.6
2015  18,120.1 15,924.9 13,116.7  5,003.4  2,808.2    261.6  17,982.9
2016  19,539.5 17,010.0 14,167.6  5,371.8  2,842.4    255.5  18,469.9
2017  20,205.7 17,555.0 14,665.5  5,540.3  2,889.5    268.4  19,177.2

2018* 21,478.2 18,677.1 15,789.7  5,688.5  2,887.3    296.2  20,029.3
2019* 22,702.8 19,749.8 16,871.7  5,831.1  2,878.1    312.0  21,003.1
2020* 23,900.9 20,793.2 17,946.8  5,954.2  2,846.4    330.3  22,068.8
2021* 25,020.2 21,756.0 18,950.5  6,069.7  2,805.5    346.1  23,193.7
2022* 26,081.0 22,696.9 19,946.3  6,134.7  2,750.6    319.6  24,368.8
2023* 27,032.1 23,486.8 20,808.6  6,223.5  2,678.2    323.4  25,605.2

---------------------------------------------------------------------
         FEDERAL DEBT AT THE END OF FISCAL YEAR: 1940-2023 
                        (percentage of GDP) 
                                                                      
                 Public           Federal   Social                   
         Gross     Debt   Public    Gov't Security Medicare       GDP
Year      Debt  + OASDI     Debt Accounts     Debt     Debt    ($bil)
----  -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ---------
1940      51.6     45.3     43.6      8.1      1.8      0.0      98.2
1941      49.5     43.6     41.5      8.0      2.1      0.0     116.2
1942      53.6     48.1     45.9      7.8      2.2      0.0     147.7
1943      77.3     71.5     69.2      8.1      2.3      0.0     184.6
1944      95.5     89.0     86.4      9.0      2.5      0.0     213.8
1945     114.9    106.8    103.9     11.0      2.9      0.0     226.4
1946     118.9    109.4    106.1     12.8      3.4      0.0     228.0
1947     107.6     97.6     93.9     13.7      3.7      0.0     238.9
1948      96.0     86.2     82.4     13.6      3.8      0.0     262.4
1949      91.3     81.5     77.4     13.8      4.1      0.0     276.8
1950      92.1     83.1     78.5     13.6      4.6      0.0     279.0
1951      78.0     70.0     65.5     12.5      4.5      0.0     327.4
1952      72.5     64.7     60.1     12.4      4.6      0.0     357.5
1953      69.5     61.9     57.1     12.4      4.8      0.0     382.5
1954      69.9     63.1     57.9     11.9      5.2      0.0     387.7
1955      67.4     60.9     55.7     11.7      5.2      0.0     407.0
1956      62.1     55.8     50.6     11.5      5.1      0.0     439.0
1957      58.6     52.3     47.2     11.4      5.0      0.0     464.2
1958      59.0     52.8     47.7     11.2      5.0      0.0     474.3
1959      56.9     51.0     46.4     10.4      4.6      0.0     505.6
1960      54.3     48.6     44.3     10.0      4.3      0.0     535.1
1961      53.4     47.8     43.5      9.9      4.3      0.0     547.6
1962      51.6     46.0     42.3      9.4      3.8      0.0     586.9
1963      50.1     44.5     41.0      9.1      3.5      0.0     619.3
1964      47.7     42.1     38.7      8.9      3.3      0.0     662.9
1965      45.4     39.8     36.7      8.7      3.1      0.0     710.7
1966      42.0     36.5     33.7      8.3      2.8      0.1     781.9
1967      40.6     34.9     31.8      8.8      3.0      0.2     838.2
1968      41.0     35.3     32.2      8.8      3.1      0.2     899.3
1969      37.2     31.6     28.3      8.9      3.2      0.2     982.3
1970      36.3     30.6     27.0      9.3      3.6      0.3   1,049.1
1971      36.5     30.7     27.1      9.4      3.6      0.3   1,119.3
1972      35.7     30.0     26.4      9.3      3.6      0.3   1,219.5
1973      34.4     28.4     25.1      9.2      3.3      0.4   1,356.0
1974      32.6     26.2     23.1      9.4      3.1      0.6   1,486.2
1975      33.6     27.5     24.5      9.1      3.0      0.7   1,610.6
1976      35.1     29.2     26.7      8.5      2.5      0.7   1,790.3
1977      34.8     29.0     27.1      7.8      2.0      0.7   2,028.4
1978      34.1     28.2     26.6      7.4      1.6      0.7   2,278.2
1979      32.3     26.2     24.9      7.4      1.3      0.7   2,570.0
1980      32.5     26.6     25.5      7.0      1.2      0.7   2,796.8
1981      31.7     26.0     25.2      6.5      0.9      0.7   3,138.4
1982      34.3     28.5     27.9      6.4      0.6      0.8   3,313.9
1983      38.7     33.0     32.1      6.6      0.9      0.6   3,541.1
1984      39.6     33.9     33.1      6.5      0.8      0.7   3,952.8
1985      42.6     36.2     35.3      7.3      0.9      0.7   4,270.4
1986      46.7     39.4     38.4      8.4      1.0      1.1   4,536.1
1987      49.1     40.9     39.5      9.5      1.4      1.2   4,781.9
1988      50.5     41.8     39.8     10.7      2.0      1.4   5,155.1
1989      51.5     42.1     39.3     12.2      2.8      1.7   5,570.0
1990      54.2     44.4     40.8     13.4      3.6      1.9   5,914.6
1991      58.9     48.4     44.0     14.9      4.4      2.1   6,110.1
1992      62.2     51.6     46.6     15.6      5.0      2.2   6,434.7
1993      64.0     53.2     47.8     16.2      5.4      2.2   6,794.9
1994      64.5     53.6     47.7     16.8      5.9      2.1   7,197.8
1995      64.9     53.9     47.5     17.4      6.4      1.9   7,583.4
1996      64.9     53.7     46.8     18.1      6.9      1.9   7,978.3
1997      63.3     51.9     44.5     18.8      7.4      1.8   8,483.2
1998      61.2     49.7     41.6     19.6      8.2      1.8   8,954.8
1999      58.9     47.2     38.2     20.7      9.0      1.9   9,510.5
2000      55.5     43.5     33.6     21.9      9.9      2.1  10,148.2
2001      54.6     42.5     31.4     23.2     11.1      2.3  10,564.6
2002      57.0     44.8     32.5     24.4     12.2      2.5  10,876.9
2003      59.7     47.6     34.5     25.1     13.1      2.4  11,332.4
2004      60.8     49.1     35.5     25.3     13.5      2.3  12,088.6
2005      61.3     49.7     35.6     25.7     14.0      2.3  12,888.9
2006      61.8     49.9     35.3     26.5     14.6      2.4  13,684.7
2007      62.5     50.4     35.2     27.3     15.2      2.5  14,322.9
2008      67.7     55.4     39.3     28.4     16.0      2.6  14,752.4
2009      82.4     69.7     52.3     30.0     17.4      2.6  14,414.6
2010      91.4     78.4     60.9     30.5     17.5      2.4  14,798.5
2011      96.0     83.1     65.9     30.1     17.3      2.1  15,379.2
2012     100.1     87.3     70.4     29.8     17.0      1.9  16,027.2
2013     101.2     89.2     72.6     28.7     16.7      1.7  16,515.9
2014     103.2     90.3     74.1     29.1     16.1      1.6  17,243.6
2015     100.8     88.6     72.9     27.8     15.6      1.5  17,982.9
2016     105.8     92.1     76.7     29.1     15.4      1.4  18,469.9
2017     105.4     91.5     76.5     28.9     15.1      1.4  19,177.2

2018*    107.2     93.2     78.8     28.4     14.4      1.5  20,029.3
2019*    108.1     94.0     80.3     27.8     13.7      1.5  21,003.1
2020*    108.3     94.2     81.3     27.0     12.9      1.5  22,068.8
2021*    107.9     93.8     81.7     26.2     12.1      1.5  23,193.7
2022*    107.0     93.1     81.9     25.2     11.3      1.3  24,368.8
2023*    105.6     91.7     81.3     24.3     10.5      1.3  25,605.2

* estimated

Note: Gross Debt equals debt held by the public (called Public Debt
      above) plus debt held by federal government accounts;
      Social Security (OASDI) includes Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Fund
      (OAS) and Disability Insurance Fund (DI); Medicare includes Hospital
      Insurance Fund (HI) and Supplementary Medical Insurance Fund (SMI)
Source: Budget of the United States Government, FY 2019: Historical Tables,
        tables 7.1, 10.1, 13.1; data can be looked at interactively at
        https://econdata.shinyapps.io/bud19/

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