Unified, Public, and Gross Budget Deficit: 1970-2023 (billions of dollars) Unified, Public, and Gross Budget Deficit: 1970-2023 (percent of GDP) Federal Receipts and Outlays: 1950-2023
              RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS(-): 1940-2023 
                                 (billions of dollars) 
                                                                                        
                                            Public                                     
         Total    Total  Unified   Public  Deficit    Gross    OASDI Medicare       GDP
Year  Receipts  Outlays  Deficit  Deficit  + OASDI  Deficit  Surplus  Surplus    ($bil)
----  -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ---------
1940       6.5      9.5     -2.9       NA       NA       NA      0.6      0.0      98.2
1941       8.7     13.7     -4.9     -5.5     -6.1     -6.8      0.7      0.0     116.2
1942      14.6     35.1    -20.5    -19.5    -20.4    -21.7      0.8      0.0     147.7
1943      24.0     78.6    -54.6    -60.0    -61.1    -63.4      1.0      0.0     184.6
1944      43.7     91.3    -47.6    -57.0    -58.2    -61.4      1.2      0.0     213.8
1945      45.2     92.7    -47.6    -50.4    -51.6    -56.0      1.2      0.0     226.4
1946      39.3     55.2    -15.9     -6.7     -7.7    -10.9      1.0      0.0     228.0
1947      38.5     34.5      4.0     17.5     16.4     13.8      1.2      0.0     238.9
1948      41.6     29.8     11.8      8.1      6.8      5.1      1.2      0.0     262.4
1949      39.4     38.8      0.6      1.9      0.7     -0.6      1.3      0.0     276.8
1950      39.4     42.6     -3.1     -4.7     -6.3     -4.2      1.6      0.0     279.0
1951      51.6     45.5      6.1      4.7      2.9      1.6      1.8      0.0     327.4
1952      66.2     67.7     -1.5     -0.4     -2.3     -3.8      1.9      0.0     357.5
1953      69.6     76.1     -6.5     -3.6     -5.4     -6.9      1.8      0.0     382.5
1954      69.7     70.9     -1.2     -6.1     -7.8     -4.8      1.7      0.0     387.7
1955      65.5     68.4     -3.0     -2.1     -3.2     -3.6      1.1      0.0     407.0
1956      74.6     70.6      3.9      4.5      3.0      1.7      1.5      0.0     439.0
1957      80.0     76.6      3.4      2.8      2.1      0.4      0.8      0.0     464.2
1958      79.6     82.4     -2.8     -7.0     -7.6     -7.4      0.5      0.0     474.3
1959      79.2     92.1    -12.8     -8.4     -7.7     -7.8     -0.7      0.0     505.6
1960      92.5     92.2      0.3     -2.1     -1.9     -3.1     -0.2      0.0     535.1
1961      94.4     97.7     -3.3     -1.5     -1.9     -2.1      0.4      0.0     547.6
1962      99.7    106.8     -7.1     -9.7     -8.4    -10.3     -1.3      0.0     586.9
1963     106.6    111.3     -4.8     -6.0     -5.2     -7.4     -0.8      0.0     619.3
1964     112.6    118.5     -5.9     -2.9     -3.5     -5.7      0.6      0.0     662.9
1965     116.8    118.2     -1.4     -3.9     -4.1     -6.3      0.2      0.0     710.7
1966     130.8    134.5     -3.7     -2.9     -2.3     -6.2     -0.6      0.0     781.9
1967     148.8    157.5     -8.6     -2.9     -6.9    -11.9      4.0      0.0     838.2
1968     153.0    178.1    -25.2    -22.9    -25.5    -28.2      2.6      0.0     899.3
1969     186.9    183.6      3.2     11.4      7.7      2.9      3.7      0.0     982.3
1970     192.8    195.6     -2.8     -5.1    -10.9    -15.2      5.9      0.0   1,049.1
1971     187.1    210.2    -23.0    -19.8    -22.9    -27.3      3.0      0.0   1,119.3
1972     207.3    230.7    -23.4    -19.3    -22.4    -27.8      3.0      0.0   1,219.5
1973     230.8    245.7    -14.9    -18.5    -19.0    -30.4      0.5      0.0   1,356.0
1974     263.2    269.4     -6.1     -2.8     -4.6    -17.6      1.8      0.0   1,486.2
1975     279.1    332.3    -53.2    -51.0    -53.0    -58.0      2.0      0.0   1,610.6
1976     298.1    371.8    -73.7    -82.7    -79.5    -87.0     -3.2      0.0   1,790.3
1977     355.6    409.2    -53.7    -71.7    -66.4    -77.4     -3.9      0.0   2,028.4
1978     399.6    458.7    -59.2    -58.0    -53.8    -70.2     -4.3      0.0   2,278.2
1979     463.3    504.0    -40.7    -33.2    -31.2    -52.9     -2.0      0.0   2,570.0
1980     517.1    590.9    -73.8    -71.6    -70.5    -79.6     -1.1      0.0   2,796.8
1981     599.3    678.2    -79.0    -77.5    -72.5    -85.8     -5.0      0.0   3,138.4
1982     617.8    745.7   -128.0   -135.2   -127.2   -142.5     -7.9      0.0   3,313.9
1983     600.6    808.4   -207.8   -212.7   -225.3   -234.3      0.2    -12.4   3,541.1
1984     666.4    851.8   -185.4   -169.7   -170.0   -192.9      0.3      0.0   3,952.8
1985     734.0    946.3   -212.3   -200.3   -207.8   -252.8      9.4      1.8   4,270.4
1986     769.2    990.4   -221.2   -233.4   -239.5   -303.1     16.7     10.6   4,536.1
1987     854.3  1,004.0   -149.7   -149.1   -168.7   -225.5     19.6      0.0   4,781.9
1988     909.2  1,064.4   -155.2   -161.9   -200.7   -255.1     38.8      0.0   5,155.1
1989     991.1  1,143.7   -152.6   -139.1   -191.5   -266.7     52.4      0.0   5,570.0
1990   1,032.0  1,253.0   -221.0   -220.8   -279.1   -338.5     58.2      0.0   5,914.6
1991   1,055.0  1,324.2   -269.2   -277.4   -331.0   -391.9     53.5      0.0   6,110.1
1992   1,091.2  1,381.5   -290.3   -310.7   -361.5   -403.6     50.7      0.0   6,434.7
1993   1,154.3  1,409.4   -255.1   -248.7   -295.4   -349.3     46.8      0.0   6,794.9
1994   1,258.6  1,461.8   -203.2   -184.7   -241.4   -292.3     56.8      0.0   7,197.8
1995   1,351.8  1,515.7   -164.0   -171.3   -231.8   -277.3     60.4      0.0   7,583.4
1996   1,453.1  1,560.5   -107.4   -129.7   -196.1   -260.9     66.4      0.0   7,978.3
1997   1,579.2  1,601.1    -21.9    -38.3   -119.6   -187.7     81.3      0.0   8,483.2
1998   1,721.7  1,652.5     69.3     51.2    -48.2   -109.0     99.4      0.0   8,954.8
1999   1,827.5  1,701.8    125.6     88.7    -36.0   -127.3    124.7      0.0   9,510.5
2000   2,025.2  1,789.0    236.2    222.6     70.7    -23.2    151.8      0.0  10,148.2
2001   1,991.1  1,862.8    128.2     90.2    -72.8   -141.2    163.0      0.0  10,564.6
2002   1,853.1  2,010.9   -157.8   -220.8   -379.9   -428.5    159.1      0.0  10,876.9
2003   1,782.3  2,159.9   -377.6   -373.0   -528.7   -561.6    155.7      0.0  11,332.4
2004   1,880.1  2,292.8   -412.7   -382.1   -533.0   -594.6    150.9      0.0  12,088.6
2005   2,153.6  2,472.0   -318.3   -296.7   -470.2   -550.6    173.5      0.0  12,888.9
2006   2,406.9  2,655.1   -248.2   -236.8   -422.0   -546.1    185.2      0.0  13,684.7
2007   2,568.0  2,728.7   -160.7   -206.2   -392.8   -499.4    186.6      8.5  14,322.9
2008   2,524.0  2,982.5   -458.6   -767.9   -953.6 -1,035.3    185.7      0.0  14,752.4
2009   2,105.0  3,517.7 -1,412.7 -1,741.7 -1,879.0 -1,889.8    137.3      0.0  14,414.6
2010   2,162.7  3,457.1 -1,294.4 -1,474.2 -1,555.9 -1,653.0     81.7      0.0  14,798.5
2011   2,303.5  3,603.1 -1,299.6 -1,109.3 -1,177.3 -1,235.4     68.0      0.0  15,379.2
2012   2,450.0  3,536.9 -1,087.0 -1,152.9 -1,217.5 -1,286.7     64.6      0.0  16,027.2
2013   2,775.1  3,454.6   -679.5   -701.6   -739.2   -668.5     37.6      0.0  16,515.9
2014   3,021.5  3,506.1   -484.6   -797.2   -824.1 -1,075.0     26.9      0.0  17,243.6
2015   3,249.9  3,688.4   -438.5   -336.8   -362.4   -325.6     25.6      0.0  17,982.9
2016   3,268.0  3,852.6   -584.7 -1,050.9 -1,085.1 -1,419.3     34.1      0.0  18,469.9
2017   3,316.2  3,981.6   -665.4   -497.8   -545.0   -666.3     47.2      0.0  19,177.2

2018*  3,340.4  4,173.0   -832.6 -1,124.3 -1,122.1 -1,272.5     -2.4      0.0  20,029.3
2019*  3,422.3  4,406.7   -984.4 -1,082.0 -1,072.7 -1,224.6     -9.3      0.0  21,003.1
2020*  3,608.9  4,595.9   -986.9 -1,075.1 -1,043.4 -1,198.1    -31.7      0.0  22,068.8
2021*  3,838.2  4,754.1   -915.9 -1,003.7   -962.8 -1,119.3    -40.9      0.0  23,193.7
2022*  4,088.7  4,996.5   -907.8   -995.8   -940.9 -1,060.8    -54.9      0.0  24,368.8
2023*  4,386.1  5,164.6   -778.5   -862.4   -789.9   -951.1    -72.4      0.0  25,605.2

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS(-): 1940-2023 
                                 (percentage of GDP) 
                                                                                       
                                            Public                                     
         Total    Total  Unified   Public  Deficit    Gross    OASDI Medicare       GDP
Year  Receipts  Outlays  Deficit  Deficit  + OASDI  Deficit  Surplus  Surplus    ($bil)
----  -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ---------
1940       6.7      9.6     -3.0       NA       NA       NA      0.6      0.0      98.2
1941       7.5     11.7     -4.3     -4.7     -5.3     -5.9      0.6      0.0     116.2
1942       9.9     23.8    -13.9    -13.2    -13.8    -14.7      0.6      0.0     147.7
1943      13.0     42.6    -29.6    -32.5    -33.1    -34.4      0.6      0.0     184.6
1944      20.5     42.7    -22.2    -26.7    -27.2    -28.7      0.6      0.0     213.8
1945      19.9     41.0    -21.0    -22.3    -22.8    -24.8      0.5      0.0     226.4
1946      17.2     24.2     -7.0     -2.9     -3.4     -4.8      0.5      0.0     228.0
1947      16.1     14.4      1.7      7.3      6.9      5.8      0.5      0.0     238.9
1948      15.8     11.3      4.5      3.1      2.6      2.0      0.5      0.0     262.4
1949      14.2     14.0      0.2      0.7      0.2     -0.2      0.5      0.0     276.8
1950      14.1     15.3     -1.1     -1.7     -2.3     -1.5      0.6      0.0     279.0
1951      15.8     13.9      1.9      1.4      0.9      0.5      0.6      0.0     327.4
1952      18.5     18.9     -0.4     -0.1     -0.6     -1.1      0.5      0.0     357.5
1953      18.2     19.9     -1.7     -0.9     -1.4     -1.8      0.5      0.0     382.5
1954      18.0     18.3     -0.3     -1.6     -2.0     -1.3      0.4      0.0     387.7
1955      16.1     16.8     -0.7     -0.5     -0.8     -0.9      0.3      0.0     407.0
1956      17.0     16.1      0.9      1.0      0.7      0.4      0.3      0.0     439.0
1957      17.2     16.5      0.7      0.6      0.4      0.1      0.2      0.0     464.2
1958      16.8     17.4     -0.6     -1.5     -1.6     -1.6      0.1      0.0     474.3
1959      15.7     18.2     -2.5     -1.7     -1.5     -1.5     -0.1      0.0     505.6
1960      17.3     17.2      0.1     -0.4     -0.4     -0.6      0.0      0.0     535.1
1961      17.2     17.8     -0.6     -0.3     -0.4     -0.4      0.1      0.0     547.6
1962      17.0     18.2     -1.2     -1.6     -1.4     -1.8     -0.2      0.0     586.9
1963      17.2     18.0     -0.8     -1.0     -0.8     -1.2     -0.1      0.0     619.3
1964      17.0     17.9     -0.9     -0.4     -0.5     -0.9      0.1      0.0     662.9
1965      16.4     16.6     -0.2     -0.6     -0.6     -0.9      0.0      0.0     710.7
1966      16.7     17.2     -0.5     -0.4     -0.3     -0.8     -0.1      0.0     781.9
1967      17.8     18.8     -1.0     -0.3     -0.8     -1.4      0.5      0.0     838.2
1968      17.0     19.8     -2.8     -2.5     -2.8     -3.1      0.3      0.0     899.3
1969      19.0     18.7      0.3      1.2      0.8      0.3      0.4      0.0     982.3
1970      18.4     18.6     -0.3     -0.5     -1.0     -1.4      0.6      0.0   1,049.1
1971      16.7     18.8     -2.1     -1.8     -2.0     -2.4      0.3      0.0   1,119.3
1972      17.0     18.9     -1.9     -1.6     -1.8     -2.3      0.3      0.0   1,219.5
1973      17.0     18.1     -1.1     -1.4     -1.4     -2.2      0.0      0.0   1,356.0
1974      17.7     18.1     -0.4     -0.2     -0.3     -1.2      0.1      0.0   1,486.2
1975      17.3     20.6     -3.3     -3.2     -3.3     -3.6      0.1      0.0   1,610.6
1976      16.6     20.8     -4.1     -4.6     -4.4     -4.9     -0.2      0.0   1,790.3
1977      17.5     20.2     -2.6     -3.5     -3.3     -3.8     -0.2      0.0   2,028.4
1978      17.5     20.1     -2.6     -2.5     -2.4     -3.1     -0.2      0.0   2,278.2
1979      18.0     19.6     -1.6     -1.3     -1.2     -2.1     -0.1      0.0   2,570.0
1980      18.5     21.1     -2.6     -2.6     -2.5     -2.8      0.0      0.0   2,796.8
1981      19.1     21.6     -2.5     -2.5     -2.3     -2.7     -0.2      0.0   3,138.4
1982      18.6     22.5     -3.9     -4.1     -3.8     -4.3     -0.2      0.0   3,313.9
1983      17.0     22.8     -5.9     -6.0     -6.4     -6.6      0.0     -0.4   3,541.1
1984      16.9     21.5     -4.7     -4.3     -4.3     -4.9      0.0      0.0   3,952.8
1985      17.2     22.2     -5.0     -4.7     -4.9     -5.9      0.2      0.0   4,270.4
1986      17.0     21.8     -4.9     -5.1     -5.3     -6.7      0.4      0.2   4,536.1
1987      17.9     21.0     -3.1     -3.1     -3.5     -4.7      0.4      0.0   4,781.9
1988      17.6     20.6     -3.0     -3.1     -3.9     -4.9      0.8      0.0   5,155.1
1989      17.8     20.5     -2.7     -2.5     -3.4     -4.8      0.9      0.0   5,570.0
1990      17.4     21.2     -3.7     -3.7     -4.7     -5.7      1.0      0.0   5,914.6
1991      17.3     21.7     -4.4     -4.5     -5.4     -6.4      0.9      0.0   6,110.1
1992      17.0     21.5     -4.5     -4.8     -5.6     -6.3      0.8      0.0   6,434.7
1993      17.0     20.7     -3.8     -3.7     -4.3     -5.1      0.7      0.0   6,794.9
1994      17.5     20.3     -2.8     -2.6     -3.4     -4.1      0.8      0.0   7,197.8
1995      17.8     20.0     -2.2     -2.3     -3.1     -3.7      0.8      0.0   7,583.4
1996      18.2     19.6     -1.3     -1.6     -2.5     -3.3      0.8      0.0   7,978.3
1997      18.6     18.9     -0.3     -0.5     -1.4     -2.2      1.0      0.0   8,483.2
1998      19.2     18.5      0.8      0.6     -0.5     -1.2      1.1      0.0   8,954.8
1999      19.2     17.9      1.3      0.9     -0.4     -1.3      1.3      0.0   9,510.5
2000      20.0     17.6      2.3      2.2      0.7     -0.2      1.5      0.0  10,148.2
2001      18.8     17.6      1.2      0.9     -0.7     -1.3      1.5      0.0  10,564.6
2002      17.0     18.5     -1.5     -2.0     -3.5     -3.9      1.5      0.0  10,876.9
2003      15.7     19.1     -3.3     -3.3     -4.7     -5.0      1.4      0.0  11,332.4
2004      15.6     19.0     -3.4     -3.2     -4.4     -4.9      1.2      0.0  12,088.6
2005      16.7     19.2     -2.5     -2.3     -3.6     -4.3      1.3      0.0  12,888.9
2006      17.6     19.4     -1.8     -1.7     -3.1     -4.0      1.4      0.0  13,684.7
2007      17.9     19.1     -1.1     -1.4     -2.7     -3.5      1.3      0.1  14,322.9
2008      17.1     20.2     -3.1     -5.2     -6.5     -7.0      1.3      0.0  14,752.4
2009      14.6     24.4     -9.8    -12.1    -13.0    -13.1      1.0      0.0  14,414.6
2010      14.6     23.4     -8.7    -10.0    -10.5    -11.2      0.6      0.0  14,798.5
2011      15.0     23.4     -8.5     -7.2     -7.7     -8.0      0.4      0.0  15,379.2
2012      15.3     22.1     -6.8     -7.2     -7.6     -8.0      0.4      0.0  16,027.2
2013      16.8     20.9     -4.1     -4.2     -4.5     -4.0      0.2      0.0  16,515.9
2014      17.5     20.3     -2.8     -4.6     -4.8     -6.2      0.2      0.0  17,243.6
2015      18.1     20.5     -2.4     -1.9     -2.0     -1.8      0.1      0.0  17,982.9
2016      17.7     20.9     -3.2     -5.7     -5.9     -7.7      0.2      0.0  18,469.9
2017      17.3     20.8     -3.5     -2.6     -2.8     -3.5      0.2      0.0  19,177.2

2018*     16.7     20.8     -4.2     -5.6     -5.6     -6.4      0.0      0.0  20,029.3
2019*     16.3     21.0     -4.7     -5.2     -5.1     -5.8      0.0      0.0  21,003.1
2020*     16.4     20.8     -4.5     -4.9     -4.7     -5.4     -0.1      0.0  22,068.8
2021*     16.5     20.5     -3.9     -4.3     -4.2     -4.8     -0.2      0.0  23,193.7
2022*     16.8     20.5     -3.7     -4.1     -3.9     -4.4     -0.2      0.0  24,368.8
2023*     17.1     20.2     -3.0     -3.4     -3.1     -3.7     -0.3      0.0  25,605.2

* estimated

Note: Public Deficit equals change in Public Debt; Gross Deficit equals change in
      Gross Debt;  Gross Debt equals debt held by the public (called Public Debt
      here) plus debt held by government accounts; OASDI includes Old-Age and
      Survivors Insurance Fund (OAS) and Disability Insurance Fund (DI);
      negative numbers denote deficits
Source: Budget of the United States Government, FY 2019: Historical Tables,
        tables 7.1, 10.1, 13.1; data can be looked at interactively at
        https://econdata.shinyapps.io/bud1/ by setting Topic equal to Deficit

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