MAJOR HOLDERS OF TREASURY SECURITIES*
(in billions of dollars, at end of year)
Monetary
State & Insurance Banking Indiv- Mutual Pension Authority Foreign &
Year Local Govt Companies Inst's duals Funds Funds (Fed) Internat'l Other Total
---- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1945 5.5 23.3 106.3 66.5 0.1 6.5 24.3 2.8 18.9 254.1
1946 5.2 24.9 90.1 65.1 0.1 7.0 23.4 2.3 13.1 231.2
1947 5.9 23.9 83.7 65.1 0.1 8.1 22.6 2.9 12.6 224.8
1948 6.3 21.2 76.8 65.8 0.1 9.2 23.3 3.0 13.3 219.1
1949 6.3 20.1 81.0 67.3 0.2 10.5 18.9 3.2 15.1 222.6
1950 6.9 18.7 75.4 66.5 0.2 11.6 20.7 4.6 18.2 222.9
1951 7.3 16.5 73.6 65.4 0.2 12.8 23.6 4.7 19.1 223.3
1952 8.5 16.0 75.6 67.4 0.3 14.3 24.0 4.9 18.1 229.2
1953 9.3 15.9 75.6 68.0 0.3 15.4 25.3 5.5 19.8 235.1
1954 9.8 15.2 80.8 66.1 0.3 16.4 24.9 6.0 18.4 237.9
1955 10.9 14.6 73.1 68.8 0.4 17.7 24.4 6.3 22.2 238.5
1956 12.0 13.2 70.0 70.2 0.5 18.6 24.6 6.6 17.9 233.7
1957 11.7 12.5 69.6 71.5 0.5 18.9 23.7 6.4 16.7 231.5
1958 11.6 12.6 77.8 68.6 0.7 19.8 26.3 6.5 17.3 241.2
1959 12.8 12.5 69.9 71.6 0.9 21.2 26.6 10.9 23.0 249.4
1960 13.7 11.9 71.7 72.2 1.1 22.2 27.0 11.2 17.2 248.1
1961 14.0 11.5 78.1 71.9 1.1 23.2 28.7 11.6 15.5 255.7
1962 15.2 11.6 79.0 73.7 1.1 24.7 30.5 12.9 14.1 262.8
1963 16.3 11.4 75.3 72.9 1.2 26.3 33.6 13.4 17.3 267.8
1964 17.3 11.2 76.2 73.6 1.3 28.2 36.5 13.8 16.2 274.3
1965 19.5 10.6 72.7 74.8 1.3 29.4 40.5 13.6 14.3 276.7
1966 20.1 9.9 69.9 79.1 1.9 30.4 43.7 11.6 13.7 280.3
1967 19.7 9.0 76.7 79.0 1.4 30.4 49.0 13.8 11.4 290.5
1968 19.9 8.4 79.6 81.7 1.8 31.9 52.9 13.2 11.8 301.2
1969 23.0 7.6 68.0 93.2 1.3 32.8 57.2 10.9 8.1 302.0
1970 22.9 7.4 75.5 83.0 1.3 34.8 62.1 20.2 10.0 317.5
1971 22.6 7.0 76.9 74.2 1.2 36.4 69.0 46.5 12.5 346.3
1972 24.9 6.7 78.8 77.4 1.4 40.3 69.8 54.9 9.2 363.5
1973 26.1 6.3 68.5 88.5 1.4 43.4 78.5 54.8 4.8 372.2
1974 26.5 6.2 63.6 96.3 1.9 48.4 80.1 58.8 5.3 387.1
1975 27.8 9.5 96.9 111.8 2.7 57.0 86.7 66.1 18.5 477.0
1976 40.2 12.7 123.5 102.7 3.0 68.8 93.3 78.7 27.5 550.4
1977 61.4 15.1 118.0 104.5 3.2 81.3 100.9 109.8 19.9 614.2
1978 83.7 15.3 106.3 110.3 3.1 92.9 109.5 134.4 19.7 675.1
1979 85.5 15.6 99.0 155.9 3.8 109.0 116.3 117.9 17.5 720.3
1980 93.3 18.1 118.4 173.9 6.0 130.3 119.3 130.0 17.9 807.2
1981 108.3 21.7 128.1 168.8 24.9 161.4 127.7 138.5 23.9 903.1
1982 126.3 31.2 157.4 185.1 48.3 211.3 135.6 154.4 27.7 1,077.4
1983 149.2 48.1 208.2 230.7 27.5 256.0 150.6 169.0 38.0 1,277.2
1984 166.0 67.2 232.3 277.5 32.6 308.6 159.2 205.1 44.7 1,493.1
1985 258.7 84.0 221.3 281.2 64.9 386.1 177.8 231.2 53.6 1,758.7
1986 315.7 105.2 240.9 271.2 99.8 429.8 197.6 276.3 67.4 2,003.9
1987 357.6 111.8 230.0 312.8 95.2 484.9 218.9 302.8 62.6 2,176.5
1988 364.3 122.8 180.6 398.0 91.9 530.8 233.7 360.4 64.5 2,347.0
1989 369.1 128.1 219.3 399.9 97.8 578.9 226.8 430.2 76.4 2,526.3
1990 410.6 142.8 202.3 509.2 133.5 630.6 235.1 449.8 84.5 2,798.4
1991 435.5 185.8 256.3 523.1 204.4 663.6 266.5 497.1 96.4 3,128.8
1992 418.2 202.4 311.0 633.4 194.5 735.7 295.0 549.9 132.3 3,472.3
1993 447.8 239.2 308.6 668.5 231.7 785.2 332.0 630.7 114.0 3,757.7
1994 370.0 244.5 264.3 890.5 190.1 841.0 364.5 665.2 121.1 3,951.1
1995 289.8 247.2 271.4 845.0 217.1 848.3 378.2 879.2 138.7 4,114.9
1996 257.0 218.9 203.1 899.1 218.1 914.0 390.9 1,121.0 94.4 4,316.5
1997 239.3 183.3 199.8 801.7 227.6 964.3 430.7 1,248.3 85.0 4,380.0
1998 280.8 150.6 168.4 747.5 241.6 987.8 452.1 1,251.0 86.7 4,366.6
1999 304.5 126.7 111.5 825.4 215.4 1,034.7 478.0 1,152.9 87.5 4,336.7
2000 310.0 117.4 104.2 589.3 214.5 1,028.5 511.7 1,115.5 71.7 4,062.7
2001 328.4 117.9 87.4 440.0 255.6 1,065.0 551.7 1,199.0 73.3 4,118.5
2002 354.7 167.7 101.9 270.5 274.2 1,098.6 629.4 1,402.2 100.7 4,400.1
2003 361.5 169.6 157.4 419.3 275.1 1,132.5 666.7 1,546.9 94.1 4,823.2
2004 403.8 191.9 52.7 472.8 268.4 1,173.3 717.8 1,841.3 104.6 5,226.6
2005 512.7 205.2 24.7 419.3 279.4 1,214.9 744.2 2,012.2 148.3 5,560.9
2006 571.4 198.8 21.0 332.3 278.4 1,280.2 778.9 2,153.0 166.6 5,780.4
2007 649.0 146.3 14.4 193.7 393.8 1,315.0 740.6 2,406.8 191.4 6,051.2
2008 601.5 185.5 260.1 156.9 823.8 1,394.5 475.9 3,288.5 166.7 7,353.5
2009 587.6 222.9 268.0 835.8 749.7 1,512.8 776.6 3,728.1 177.7 8,859.2
2010 596.1 254.0 352.8 1,098.5 817.6 1,626.7 1,021.5 4,519.8 217.5 10,504.4
2011 562.4 300.0 402.8 671.1 990.5 1,766.3 1,663.4 5,064.8 220.6 11,642.0
2012 608.0 292.7 517.7 915.7 1,096.2 1,894.5 1,666.1 5,648.1 184.0 12,822.9
2013 587.7 269.5 390.1 1,140.4 1,031.0 2,018.7 2,208.8 5,859.7 174.8 13,680.6
2014 621.6 304.9 517.4 838.2 1,175.8 2,094.5 2,461.4 6,212.5 190.4 14,416.7
2015 666.1 312.2 542.3 1,132.0 1,395.6 2,200.8 2,461.6 6,217.9 212.6 15,141.1
2016 717.5 347.4 666.5 1,379.0 1,765.3 2,321.3 2,463.6 6,096.2 227.0 15,983.8
Source: https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/z1/Current/z1_csv_files.zip, Table L.210
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* Includes marketable and nonmarketable Treasury securities held by the public (net of premiums and discounts) and Treasury
securities held by federal government employee retirement funds. In the Financial Accounts, nonmarketable government
securities held by federal government employee defined benefit retirement funds are considered part of the financial
business sector as opposed to intragovernmental holdings as reported on the Monthly Statement of the Public Debt.
Note: The above table uses the categories as defined by the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (SIMFA);
Following are descriptions of those categories as defined at this link:
Category Description
--------------------- -----------
Insurance Companies.. Includes property-casualty and life insurance companies.
Banking Institutions. Includes commercial banks, savings institutions, credit unions, broker dealers and holding companies.
Mutual Funds......... Includes mutual funds, money market funds, close-end funds and exchange-traded funds.
Pension Funds........ Includes private pension funds, state and local govt. and federal govt. retirement funds.
Foreign & Internat'l. Includes rest of the world and foreign banking offices in the U.S.
Other................ Includes nonfinancial corporate institutions, nonfinancial noncorporate institutions,
government-sponsored enterprises, abs issuers.
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